haematobium challenge trials and these are associated with the prophylactic efficacy of Sm-p80 vaccine. A balanced Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL- 2, and IL-12) and Th 2 (IL-4, IgG1) type of responses were observed following vaccination in both S. haematobium-hamster infection/challenge model. DNA prime/protein boost (1 + 1 dose administered on a single day) resulted in 26.95% reduction in worm burden in S. Immunization with Sm-p80 vaccine reduced worm burden by 46.75% against S. We also elucidated the expression of Sm-p80 and Sm-p80 ortholog proteins in different developmental stages of S. haematobium challenge infections in rodent models. In this study, we evaluated the cross-species protective efficacy of Sm-p80 vaccine against S. mansoni challenge infections in mice and baboons. Schistosoma mansoni large subunit of calpain ( Sm-p80)-based vaccine formulations have shown remarkable efficacy in protecting against S. Despite large-scale schistosomiasis control efforts, clear limitations such as possible emergence of drug resistance and reinfection rates highlight the need for an effective schistosomiasis vaccine.
Schistosomiasis remains a major global health problem. Molehin, Adebayo J Sennoune, Souad R Zhang, Weidong Rojo, Juan U Siddiqui, Arif J Herrera, Karlie A Johnson, Laura Sudduth, Justin May, Jordan Siddiqui, Afzal A Our view is that the drive to think "holistically" must always be expressed with local color and .Ĭross-species prophylactic efficacy of Sm-p80-based vaccine and intracellular localization of Sm-p80/ Sm-p80 ortholog proteins during development in Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium. This requires an ability to suspend judgment, consider the views of others. The challenge is to raise all forms of inquiry to the power of two: making the. The fascinating multi-country examples in the Guide illustrate how SAS 2. International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada) The results of this study showed that the modeling accuracy of the modified AOB-NOB-N 2 O- SMP model increases by 19.7% (NH 4 ), 51.0% (NO 2 ), 57.8% (N 2 O) and 16.7% ( SMP) compared to the conventional model which does not consider the two-step nitrification and SMP production by microbial endogenous respiration. To reliably implement the modified model, a model calibration that adjusts model parameters to fit the model outputs to the experimental data is conducted. Validity of the modified model is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data from lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The modified AOB-NOB-N 2 O- SMP model takes into account: (1) two-step nitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), ( 2) N 2 O production by AOB denitrification under oxygen-limited conditions and (3) SMP production by microbial growth and endogenous respiration.
Kim, MinJeong Wu, Guangxue Yoo, ChangKyooĪ modified AOB-NOB-N 2 O- SMP model able to quantify nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and soluble microbial product ( SMP) production during wastewater treatment is proposed. Quantification of nitrous oxide (N 2O) emissions and soluble microbial product ( SMP) production by a modified AOB-NOB-N 2O- SMP model.